Taking a Look at the Pauline Epistles - 1507 Words

The Pauline epistles are very crucial to the understanding of how a church and a Christian should act. Throughout all the letters, different subjects have been touched creating almost a guide of â€Å"how to’s†. The farewell is especially important as noted in Second Corinthians 13 explains the depth of God’s love to the people and the wrath of doubtfulness. â€Å"since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking though me. He is not weak in dealing with you, but is powerful among you† (13:3). With corrections in the beginning of the letter, or a defense towards Paul’s teachings, shows the continuation of the struggle of Corinth, yet they were doing better as spoken by Titus. Paul’s final request towards the people of Corinth is found in his second letter (2 Corinthians). The last chapter however is similarly a conclusion, or overview of the letter. Although there are some differences throughout the translations, Paul’s final message/warning is evident and clear. The passage is split up into two or three sections, depending on the translation used. Within the New King James Version (NKJ), the breakdown is evident by how the paragraphs are structured to set apart main ideas. Verses 1-4 are thought of as the reminder of what’s Paul’s message entailed. No matter the translation Paul quotes Deuteronomy 19:15, â€Å"One witness shall not rise against a man concerning any iniquity or any sin that he commits; by the mouth of two or three witnesses the matter shall be established† (NKJ; 2Show MoreRelatedImportant Issues in the Non-Pauline Churches1539 Words   |  7 PagesIssues in the Non-Pauline Churches December 3, 2013 Important Issues in the Non-Pauline Churches Even though many Christians are not aware of the problems, there are issues in the non-Pauline churches because the scriptures point out several and the author address them. This paper will focus on those issues found in the non-Pauline letters which were written to the churches of that day. Then those issues will be compared to the issues which are found in the Pauline letters. ManyRead MoreExegesis of Ephesians 2:1-73183 Words   |  13 PagesGod’s Mercy for the Ephesian Church: A Look at Ephesians 2:1-7 INTRODUCTION The book of Ephesians is one of Paul’s many New Testament letters, or epistles, to the Christian church still in its infancy. At the time of its writing, Paul is in Rome, imprisoned for championing the purposes of Christ and growing the church. We see numerous occurrences where Paul, being a man of little concern for the status quo, is either imprisoned or fleeing capture by Jewish or Roman officials for usurping theRead MoreA Practical Apocalypse1894 Words   |  8 Pageselucidate the intention of the author in writing as he has and to show how the specific subject matter of these verses interrelates with the major themes of the Epistle. That Paul is the author of 1st Thessalonians is almost undisputed. Green is in agreement with Wanamaker who comments, No contemporary scholars of repute seem to doubt the Pauline character of the letter. The position taken in this paper, consistent with the majority of scholarly opinion, is that the letter was written around AD 50-51Re ad MoreEtymology of Divine Revelation4215 Words   |  17 Pageswas concrete and not abstract. Thus in showing how divine revelation has been understood, we get an impression that it involves what or who is revealed, and to what or who it is revealed. Going back to the above definition of revelation, we see God taking up the character of the revealer as well as the other of the revealed, while humanity is the recipient of this revelation. Accordingly, we see humanity as the recipient obliged to respond to the communication initiated by God, otherwise theRead MoreHomosexuality and God6017 Words   |  25 Pages23:17). The whore and the sodomite are in the same category. A sodomite was not an inhabitant of Sodom nor a descendant of an inhabitant of Sodom, but a man who had given himself to homosexuality, and the unnatural vice for which Sodom was known. Let us look at the passages in question: â€Å"But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house around, old and young, all the people from every quarter: And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came

The Controversy Of Cloning And Genetic Engineering Essay

Introduction God and Nature first made us what we are, and then out of our own created genius we make ourselves what we want to be†¦ Let the sky and God be our limit and Eternity our measurement – Marcus Garvey (1887-1940). Cloning and genetically modifying humans is now more attainable than ever due to strides made by science. With a relatively short history, cloning and genetic engineering have been a new concept for many people in society with the first proof of cloning being dolly the sheep, the first successful clone born by the somatic cell nuclear-transfer procedure [1]. Cloning over the years has evolved and now could be used to someday help people requiring organ transplants, recover from traumatic injuries and aid infertile couples with its reproductive possibilities [4]. On the other hand, genetic engineering can also be a great benefit as through gene therapy, genetic diseases can be prevented and quite possibly being wiped from existence. Another benefit of genetic engineering is that it can also allow infertile couples to have a baby but to do this would require the genetic information of a surrogate alongside the couple’s genetic information [12]. This could result in many complications which is why there is a great controversy on this matter. Although cloning is known by a plethora of people, whereas the minority of the population knows of genetic engineering which brings up the question, what is genetic engineering? Simply put, genetic engineering is â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving and reviewing this paper. Finally I would like to thank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the processRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthis birth another controversy broke out, do humans have the right to make life? Most of the concern comes from the fear of control over the production and development of human beings. But, those who are against cloning would most likely look the other way if they needed gene therapy after receiving a grim diagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking into each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in thisRead MoreThe Potential Of Manipulatin g Genetic Engineering1571 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovation centered around one technique: genetic engineering. The process of splicing a donor gene into a separate organism; as a result, it will create a transgenic organism which performs various actions. The potential of manipulating genetic information in an organism is interminable. From cloning animals to minuscule bacteria, the scientific world is accelerating their advancements in this relatively new concept. However, with the success, speculation and controversy arose in their path. Many individualsRead More Cloning More Ethically Acceptable than Global Warming Essays843 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning More Ethically Acceptable than Global Warming nbsp; One day soon, human clones will walk among us. Does the thought send a shiver up your spine? How about the notion of eating french fries from a potato engineered with jellyfish genes to make its leaves bioluminescent? We should consider our responses to both issues now, before reality comes knocking at the door. Several groups have announced intentions to clone humans, and the bioluminescence gene has already been successfully incorporatedRead More Genetic Engineering and Cryonic Freezing: A Modern Frankenstein?1497 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering and Cryonic Freezing: A Modern Frankenstein?      Ã‚   In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, a new being was artificially created using the parts of others. That topic thus examines the ethics of playing God and, though written in 1818, it is still a relevant issue today. Genetic engineering and cryogenic freezing are two current technologies related to the theme in the novel of science transcending the limits of what humans can and should do.    Genetic engineering is widelyRead More The Pursuit of Genetic Engineering Essay4075 Words   |  17 PagesThe Pursuit of Genetic Engineering Imagine a world where diabetes is effectively treated, where cancer has a cure, and where food is altered for higher quality and increased production. This â€Å"fantasy† world is on the brink of becoming a reality due to advances in genetic engineering and cloning. These medical innovations have the potential to revolutionize our lives in numerous ways. However, the fear of controversy and the fear of the â€Å"new† could hinder and possibly halt any progress thatRead More The Benefits of Cloning Essay examples1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages of Cloning      Ã‚   People often question whether or not cloning is morally acceptable in our society, and also if it is worth all the money that we spend on research for cloning.   It is hard to believe that not to long ago many people believed that joining a sperm and an egg in a test tube was considered to be morally wrong.   It is now used by millions of doctors around the world.   Cloning is at the beginning stages of being considered morally unacceptable and will soonRead MoreEssay on The Dangers of Genetic Engineering619 Words   |  3 Pages Genetic engineering has a fine line to when it becomes unethical. Ethically new research has offered to help people with disabilities and prevent them to better a persons life. The line is drawn when parents have the choice to modify their child through genomics, This may seem fine, but unfortunately parents are bettering their children to either make them smarter or more athletic. This modification endangers the childs life by unbalancing their original balance. Genomics allows a person toRead MoreThe Ethics Of Genetic Engineering2194 Words   |  9 Pagescalled genetic engineering. Some of the living things being experimented on are live people, plants, and animals. Today scientists are debating on the morals of genetic engineering due to what the community thinks of it, because of the christian s viewpoint of genetic engineering. To some christians it may pose a threat to their, but to others it may be a blessing or a gift. Genetic Engineering is a growing breakthrough in the sci ence community. â€Å"Over the last 30 years, the field of genetic engineeringRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproductive cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originated in Germany in 1938, but the first successful

The Company of Wolves Free Essays

â€Å"The Company of Wolves† by Angela Carter follows the story line of the classic children’s fairytale â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† which is known universally in the western world. Despite the relationship between the two stories, â€Å"The Company of Wolves† has cunningly been written with an eerie atmosphere and plot twists to engage the reader. Reinvented into a gothic fantasy, the story highlights Red Riding Hood’s innocence and uses the Wolf as a metaphor for men to position the reader to react differently than the classic fairytale. We will write a custom essay sample on The Company of Wolves or any similar topic only for you Order Now It becomes obvious to the reader that the story is based upon the well known fairy tale ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ but Carter has twisted the innocent children’s story into a extravagant gothic fantasy which positions the reader to grasp a greater understanding of the events leading up to the climax and the background in general. The stylist choices of magic realism differ from the classic denotation of fantasy because realistic frameworks of the real world are twisted with the supernatural resulting in murderous, sadistic or brutal situations; in this instance Red Riding Hood engaging in sexual acts with the Wolf. From the beginning the reader is fully aware of the stylistic choice of gothic fantasy, â€Å"One beast and only one beast howls in the woods by night† is typical of gothic tales as woods are usually portrayed as a dangerous and a forbidding setting, but also provides emphasis through repetition of ‘one beast’ and ‘only one’ to draw the reader’s attention onto the fact that the Wolf is important and plays a significant role in the story. A common aspect of gothic tales is winter which is the setting of the story, as shown through distribution of the words ‘snow’, ‘Christmas’, ‘Robin’, ‘blizzard’ and ‘cold’ throughout the story which are classic connotations relative to the season. The stylistic choice made by Carter in relation to the classic fairy style creates an eerie atmosphere and positions the reader to question if they really know the plot of the story. Little Red Riding Hood is portrayed as an innocent little girl in the classic fairy tale which is carried through into Carters version with a few twists. Initially Little Red’s innocence is clearly defined as her virginal status is described using metaphors as ‘She is an unbroken egg; she is a sealed vessel’ and her physical appearance resembles that of a young girl ‘hair like lint, pale forehead, scarlet cheeks’. Since she has ‘started her woman’s bleeding’ it is safe to assume that her shawl is symbolic to represents just that or her innocence as she nters this period of her life. As the story progresses Little Red does not hesitate to hand over her basket when ‘he [the Wolf] offered to carry her basket’, assuming the basket is a symbol used to represents her virginity this scene illustrates how uneducated girls in this era were about sex and the risk it posed to them. Little Red is not hesitant about handing over he r basket because she has no clue about what the Wolf is doing, although she does not know what was about to happen to her he certainly does. At this specific point in the story the reader is positioned to re-evaluate the innocence of the girl, questioning whether the wolf is taking advantage of her or whether she knows what she wants. Regarding Little Red’s shawl representing her innocence, nearing the end of the story the Wolf exclaims in reply to her asking what to do with it choice of diction, â€Å"Throw it into the fire, dear one. You won’t need it again,† clearly distinguishes that he has taken her innocence and virginity and that there is no way for it to be reversed; ‘fire’ representing an irreversible doing. The innocence of Little Red has inevitably been taken away and no long exists to the reader, the reader will no longer be able to read the original version without the constant reminder of Little Red’s deterioration of innocence in Carters version. Carter, being a classic feminist, has shaped the Wolf into a metaphor of the negative side to men. To begin ‘One beast and only one beast howls in the woods’, in particularly the repetition of ‘one’ and ‘only one’ provides emphasis upon the fact that there is only one wolf and that he is an important asset to the story, perhaps the fact that the story could not function without this male character which makes him very important and dominant. Carter has used this to mirror her opinion that men, or some men, have a mindset that a women’s life could not function without them. The wolf is quick to ‘offer[ered] to carry her basket’, which is a symbol of her virginity. These actions demonstrate Carters opinion on men thinking they can dominate women especially since the Wolf knew exactly what he was doing relative to Little Red who was oblivious to his actions because she is uneducated on sex. The Wolf is conveyed by the reader as a vicious sexual predator out to claim young girl’s virginity, which positions them to feel sympathetic for Little Red who represents women. The dominancy of the Wolf taking the girls virginity is pursued near the end of the story as the Wolf orders her to, â€Å"Throw it [shawl] on the fire, dear one. You won’t need it again,† which is significant because the shawl represents her virginity which has now been burnt. The diction of the phrase ‘dear one’ is effective because it demonstrates how a man can pretend to care about a girls feelings and be sweet in order to manipulate her into doing something to his advantage. By this point in the story the reader has been positioned to view the Wolf differently from the one that gets killed in the traditional story to a dominant male character who has no respect for Little Red. Once the reader has read â€Å"The Company of Wolves† they definitely won’t be able to see the classic â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† in the same light again. Reinvented into a gothic fantasy, the story highlights Red Riding Hood’s innocence and uses the Wolf as a metaphor for men to position the reader to react differently than the classic fairytale. The story however does not necessarily have only negative outcomes because it could make the reader to think deeper about how other characters in different fairytales have been portrayed and how they can challenge the expectations they have been placed in. How to cite The Company of Wolves, Essay examples

Contrast in the Shawshank Redemption free essay sample

Darabont effectively utilises filming techniques to highlight these dominant themes, creating a movie that is both powerful and strong, producing a rich story that captures the viewers’ attention. Freedom and oppression in The Shawshank Redemption are two opposing themes which resonate throughout the film. A concept that Andy brings to Shawshank and to the prison is that freedom of the mind is the greatest and strongest freedom of all. Andy feels liberty through his thoughts and memories, and teaches the cynical men around him, especially Red, that although they are imprisoned, freedom comes from the mind and its ability to dream. As Red is commentating the scene of Andy playing opera to the prison, he talks about the effect that the music had on the men in Shawshank ‘and for the briefest of moments, every last man at Shawshank felt free’, and how even though they stood within the confines of Prison walls, the harmonising voices of the two ladies took them away for just a little while, to feel freedom once more. Although Andy remains free within, Brooks is a character who becomes accustomed and comfortable with prison life, so much so that when released, he is free from physical confinement, yet he has become so institutionalised that the world beyond the walls is more a prison than Shawshank ever was. Andy Dufresne develops through The Shawshank Redemption to gain power. When the viewer is initially introduced to Andy he seems small and weak compared to the self-assured lawyer and the powerful judge of the courtroom scene, yet as the film progresses, Andy gains respect and power within Shawshank, first with his inmates and then with the guards and warden. His previous profession of banking, sees Andy working for the Shawshank staff, processing their tax and assisting them in general finance management, earning himself a certain level of respect from the people around him. He also appears to gain a more personal relationship with the Warden, this fluctuates however as Andy doesn’t always do as the Warden wishes, especially when he plays opera to the prison. Andy may appear helpless compared to the rank and power of Warden Norton and Captain Hadley, yet he exceeds the two of them when it comes to wit and intelligence, finally outsmarting the Warden and Captain completely and coming out on top ‘I like to think that the last thing that went through his head, other than that bullet, was to wonder how the hell Andy Dufresne ever got the best of him’. To demonstrate power and weakness, High and Low angle camera shots are used by the director. Warden Norton is often filmed from below to accentuate his position of power and the prisoners are often viewed from above to show them as powerless and insignificant. The contrast between Power and Weakness ties in with Freedom and Oppression, as without Andy’s freedom of thinking, he would never have gained his position of power. Isolation and Companionship go hand in hand in The Shawshank Redemption. At the commencement of Andy’s time in prison, he is filmed often alone and quiet, away from the tight knit groups within the population of inmates. When he forms a close relationship with Red, he becomes a central member of Red’s group of friends, earning a reputation in the prison as a respectable and interesting man. In the beginning Andy is filmed sitting alone eating in the food hall. However, as he develops friendships, he is always shot sitting in the midst of the men, who are all intrigued with the stories that he has to tell. After Andy has escaped and Red is left in Shawshank, the viewer can see Red slowly start to detach from the group and sit further and further away from his usual position in the centre. This clever use of staging hints to the audience Reds departure from the prison to join Andy in the world beyond. Andy and Red become close companions in their 19 years together in Shawshank and are often filmed together in a mid or close-up shot, highlighting their relationship and allowing the audience to feel as if they have also formed a relationship with the characters. The Shawshank Redemption demonstrates and showcases three central opposing ideas, Freedom vs. Oppression, Power vs. Weakness and Isolation vs. Companionship. Andy Dufresne illustrates freedom within the confines of the seemingly impenetrable prison walls, freedom of thought and imagination, enabling others around him to seize the lives that they thought weren’t worth living. Word count: 790

History Exam free essay sample

British Lieutenant Colonel 1,100 men Battle of Cowpens Date: Morgan and Tarleton clashed on January 17, 1781. Battle of Cowpens Background: After taking command of the battered American army In the South, Major General Nathanael Greene divided his forces In December 1780. While Greene led one wing of the army towards supplies at Cheraw, SC, the other, commanded by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, moved to attack the British supply lines and stir up support in the back country. Aware the Greene had split his forces, Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis dispatched an 1,100-man force under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton to destroy Morgans command. A bold leader, Tarleton was notorious for atrocities committed by his men at earlier battles. Riding out with a mixed force of cavalry and infantry, Tarleton pursued Morgan Into northwestern South Carolina. A veteran of the wars early Canadian campaigns and a hero of the Battle of Saratoga, Morgan was a gifted leader who knew how to obtain the best from his men. We will write a custom essay sample on History Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rallying his command in a pasture land known as the Cowpens, Morgan devised a cunning plan to defeat Tarleton. Possessing a varied force of Continentals, militia, and cavalry, Morgan chose Cowpens as it was between the Broad and Pacolet Rivers which cut off his lines of retreat. Battle of Cowpens Morgans Plan: While opposite to traditional military thinking, the Morgan knew his militia would fight harder and be less inclined to flee If their lines of retreat were removed. For the battle, Morgan placed his reliable Continental Infantry, led by Colonel John Eager Howard, on the slope of a hill. This position was between a ravine and a stream which would prevent Tarleton from moving around his flanks. In front of the Continentals, Morgan formed a line of under Colonel Andrew Pickens. Forward of these two lines was a select group of 1 50 skirmishers. Lieutenant Colonel William Washingtons cavalry (around 110 men) was placed out of sight behind the hill. Morgans plan for the battle called for the skirmishers to engage Tarletons men before falling back. Knowing that the militia was unreliable in combat. he asked that they fire two volleys before retreating behind the hill. Having been engaged by the first two lines, Tarleton would be forced to attack uphill against would switch over to the attack.

Marketing Case free essay sample

Under the Umbrella positioning our target customers are Indian middle class families currently owning 2-wheelers for 4-5 person commuting and graduating youngsters for whom Anna would appeal as a stylish alternative while still maintaining invulnerability and affordability of a 2-wheeler. India is a developing economy with a rapidly growing segment of middle class consumers that aspires for a car ownership.The Indian auto industry is projected to grow ATA 17% annually with an automobile production of 1 1 MN in 2008-09. Out of this 75% are 2 wheeler owners which we believe is a very good potential market for Anna. We will utilize our strong reputation and long standing relationships to co-liaise with suppliers for inventing this light weight car. By continuing to position our brand as for the people and high-quality, marketing will remain consistent through dealerships.Business objectives for the Anna Nikkei Lexis High technology and small size defined the advent Of Anna ( which means small in Guajarati ) in the Indian auto market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The prefix is also originally derived from the Greek voodoo, meaning dwarf (a Anna = ION-9 in the metric system). Data with this product entered a blue ocean market, the business strategy highly motivated by the Collaborative marketing strategy defined by what customers need to make a better life. Our sales goal for Data Anna in its first year of launch is 1. 46 MN Nanas. Anna should launch 50000 Nanas precooked) initially limited by the plant production capacity and selling on a rolling basis with the set-up of the new plant at Sand, Gujarat Automobile production Type of Vehicle 2008-09 Market share Comments Passenger vehicle 1,838,593 16% Indict was behind Marti 800 (leader in passenger vehicles) Commercial vehicle 41 6,870 4% Data was the leader Three wheelers 497,020 Potential to tap this market for taxi conversions Two wheelers 75% Very good potential market for Anna Total 11,172,275 100% With an initial investment of 3* 1500 scores INNER Data aliased with 100 different appliers to get a starting production capacity of 1 MN (350,000 Nanas from new plant built in Singer, West Bengal and 2 additional plants with similar capacity). They shifted to a new site at Sand, Gujarat due to protests from farmers on claiming their land and also set up a temporary manufacture site at HTML Pentagon. Capacity of this plant was only 50000 Nanas.Market for Data An na Andrew Expanding middle class= 5%in 2005, 19% in 2015, Anna launched in 2009, can take a an average of 12% as the potential middle class 1. 1 Bin*12% (middle class)* (12/1 000 car ownership) = 1. Mann potential car owners Segment Description Main competitor models -Price range (INNER) Entry level hatchback Marti 800 200,000 Alto Hatchback Indict 300,000 Honda motorcycles/Scooters/Mopeds Switch rate from other cars would be very less. New users would buy Anna as opposed to Marti 800/Alto/Tv;uh wheeler (1 7% growth rate * 1. Mann 270,000 new car owners) Switch rate from two wheelers ( {17% growth rate *8. 419 MN new users+ 8. Man old users} *20% switchers= 1,970,230) Nanas market share 20% from Marti + 10% from its own share = 30% * 81 000 Nanas market share from two wheelers= 70% (due to lower cost) * . Man -?1. Man 81000+ 1. Man -?1. Man Potential Economic risks and challenges- Safety and quality issues arising due to reduction in costs associated with manufacturing. But Indian suppliers saw it as an opportunity to expand their own operations and the goodwill amongst the society for Data helped the cause. Rather than improving life for the masses it would do harm by putting millions more passenger cars on Indians already congested roads poorly maintained roads increasing air pollution at odds with tats green initiative Target market AndrewIntroduce STEP framework, continues into positioning statement We can include the company, consumer and competitors (ACS) here in this question: Company history Consumer : Segmentation (age/demographics/income) price elasticity Competitors-substitutes (scooters/taxis/authoritarians in India), competitors (cheaper than Marti,Zen, smaller cars) Positioning and rationale Our official position statement for the Data Anna is the following: To middle class Indian individuals, the Data Anna is the worlds cheapest car that promises a safe and reliable way of transportation, based on the Data Groups instancing reputatio n of being trustworthy and having strong ethics. Based on all the research and development that has gone into making it a light and affordable car, the Anna offers an added value to the two sub-groups of aspiring car owners we identified: 1 . To Indian middle class families, the Anna provides safety, reliability, space and comfort 2.To young individuals going up the hierarchy ladder or graduating, the Anna represents a stylish alternative while still maintaining invulnerability and affordability of a 2-wheeler. Owning a car is also often considered a token of status in India. Note that individuals within these two groups might either use public transportation or own motorcycles. These two sub-groups do not look for technology and innovation, but rather practical solutions and convenience. We therefore target the late majority and laggards in Rorers Diffusion Curve. Another reason to believe in the cars success consists in that the Anna is the car potential buyers didnt know they needed, between the motorbike and the small passenger car, which sets it apart in prospects view.According to Levitys Product Augmentation framework, the Anna represents an augmented product when compared to 2-wheelers, and therefore exceeds expectations (stables for extra safety, roof for poor weather conditions and space for luggage storing or extra passengers), providing customer delight. As the most affordable car in the country/world, it the best alternative for every individual that has a WET (willingness to pay) equal or higher than 1 lake. To sum up, the Anna offers superior service at an affordable price, which is the very essence of value proposition (see our proposed STEP strategic planning below). In order to explain the rationale of our recommendation and prove why we insider it superior to other potential positioning alternatives, lees have a look at the ups. The product, Data Anna, is according to the Group the cheapest car in the world, without having the image of being cheap, therefore avoiding having a negative perception from potential consumers. Keeping reliability, safety and quality remains credible as Data Motors already has experience in the automobile industry, with the production of passenger- cars since 1991 and representing 16. 45% of market-share (notably thanks to the visibility of the Indict). Therefore, and in terms of pricing, the Anna indubitably needs to adopt a penetration strategy (high SOME share of available addressable market share) due its low cost, which means low margin in absolute value.Pricing the Anna at less than half the price of its main competitor, the Suzuki Marti, while offering similar features and quality (see Exhibit 4 of the given case), is a strong differentiator. In terms of place, Data Motors plan to produce the Anna in the Sand plant, and make it available nationwide through the companys 214 dealerships. This guarantees proximity to potential customers at least in urban areas. Data was also thinking about contracting with entrepreneurial engineers in order to reach rural areas, which is something we would not recommend as quality would in this case be unreliable, which contradicts our positioning statement. In addition, most Indians with a high enough WET for a Anna are located in urban areas, therefore limiting potential profits (at least for now) in rural Indian.We will develop our ideas regarding promotion and distribution in the following section. Implications on distribution (selling channels) and promotion (marketing communications): Mark Positioning Targeted at growing middle class (Disposable income RSI 200,000 to 1 million, growth from 5% to 1 up to 41% in 2025), with a median age of 25 year olds in Indian. Character of consumers: while spending increases (1 7% for transportation in 2005, equating to 85,000 to 1 70,000 RSI), absolute values of income stay low equating to savvy consumers that desire value Competition: Will need to compete for coll ege aged value seekers, in both motorcycle and entry level hatchback segments.

Theoretical Grammar Definition and Examples

Theoretical Grammar Definition and Examples Theoretical grammar is concerned with language in general rather than with an individual language, as is the study of essential components of any human language.  Transformational grammar  is one variety of theoretical grammar.   According to Antoinette Renouf and Andrew Kehoe: Theoretical grammar or syntax is concerned with making completely explicit the formalisms of grammar, and in providing scientific arguments or explanations in favour of one account of grammar rather than another, in terms of a general theory of human language. (Antoinette Renouf and Andrew Kehoe, The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics.  Rodopi, 2003) Traditional Grammar vs. Theoretical Grammar What generative linguists mean by grammar should not be confused, in the first instance, with what ordinary persons or nonlinguists might refer to by that term: namely, a traditional or pedagogical grammar such as the kind used to teach language to children in grammar school. A pedagogical grammar typically provides paradigms of regular constructions, lists of prominent exceptions to these constructions (irregular verbs, etc.), and descriptive commentary at various levels of detail and generality about the form and meaning of expressions in a language (Chomsky 1986a: 6). By contrast, a theoretical grammar, in Chomskys framework, is a scientific theory: it seeks to provide a complete theoretical characterization of the speaker-hearers knowledge of her language, where this knowledge is interpreted to refer to a particular set of mental states and structures. The difference between a theoretical grammar and a pedagogical grammar is one important distinction to bear in mind in order to avoid confusion about how the term grammar operates in theoretical linguistics. A second, more fundamental distinction is between a theoretical grammar and a mental grammar. (John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment.  Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011)​ Descriptive Grammar vs. Theoretical Grammar A descriptive grammar (or reference grammar) catalogues the facts of a language, whereas a theoretical grammar uses some theory about the nature of language to explain why the language contains certain forms and not others. (Paul Baker, Andrew Hardie, and Tony McEnery, A Glossary of Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh Univ. Press, 2006)​ Descriptive and Theoretical Linguistics The purpose of descriptive and theoretical linguistics is to further our understanding of language. This is done through a continual process of testing theoretical assumptions against data, and analyzing data in the light of those assumptions which previous analyses have confirmed to such a degree that they form a more or less integral whole that is accepted as the currently preferred theory. Between them, the mutually dependent fields of descriptive and theoretical linguistics provide accounts and explanations of how things seem to be in language, and a terminology for use in discussions. (O. Classe, Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English. Taylor Francis, 2000) It seems that in modern theoretical grammar the differences between morphological and syntactic constructions are beginning to show up, for example in the fact that, in the European languages at least, syntactic constructions tend to be right-branching while morphological constructions tend to be left-branching. (Pieter A. M. Seuren, Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction. Blackwell, 1998) Also Known As: theoretical linguistics, speculative grammar